Understanding and Applying Research Design

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xix

PART I WHEEL OF SCIENCE: PREMISES OF RESEARCH 1

1 "DUH" SCIENCE VERSUS "HUH" SCIENCE 3

2 THEORIES AND HYPOTHESES 21

3 OBSERVATION AND EMPIRICAL GENERALIZATION 35

4 ETHICS 52

PART II WHEEL OF SCIENCE: PROCEDURES OF RESEARCH 63

5 MEASUREMENT 65

6 USING SPSS IN RESEARCH 83

7 CHI-SQUARE AND CONTINGENCY TABLE ANALYSIS 90

8 LEARNING FROM POPULATIONS: CENSUSES AND SAMPLES 102

9 CORRELATION 127

10 REGRESSION 146

11 CAUSATION 162

PART III WHEEL OF SCIENCE: DESIGNS OF RESEARCH 203

12 SURVEY RESEARCH 205

13 AGGREGATE RESEARCH 234

14 EXPERIMENTS 251

15 STATISTICAL METHODS OF DIFFERENCE: T TEST 270

16 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE 280

17 FIELD RESEARCH 301

18 CONTENT ANALYSIS 316

PART IV STATISTICS AND DATA MANAGEMENT 327

STATISTICAL PROCEDURES UNIT A: WRITING THE STATISTICAL RESEARCH SUMMARY 329

STATISTICAL PROCEDURES UNIT B: THE NATURE OF INFERENTIAL STATISTICS 333

DATA MANAGEMENT UNIT A: USE AND FUNCTIONS OF SPSS 343

DATA MANAGEMENT UNIT B: USING SPSS TO RECODE FOR T TEST 357

DATA MANAGEMENT UNIT C: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 364

STATISTICAL PROCEDURES UNIT C: Z SCORES 389

Glossary 397

Bibliography 411

Index 416

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• Matemática aplicada
• Métodos de pesquisa: geral
• Pesquisa e estatística social

social sciences, research, applied research, research design, statistics, measurement, causation, causal models, correlation, regression analysis, SPSS software