Microwave Materials and Applications, 2 Volume Set
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portes grátis
Microwave Materials and Applications, 2 Volume Set
Sebastian, Mailadil T.; Ubic, Rick; Jantunen, Heli
John Wiley & Sons Inc
05/2017
1008
Dura
Inglês
9781119208525
15 a 20 dias
2170
Descrição não disponível.
VOLUME I
List of Contributors xv
Series Preface xvii
Preface xix
1. Measurement of Microwave Dielectric Properties and Factors Affecting Them 1
M.T. Sebastian, M.A.S. Silva, and A.S.B. Sombra
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Permittivity (;;r) and quality factor (Q) 2
1.3 Measurement of Microwave Dielectric Properties 7
1.4 Methods of Measurement 8
1.5 Measurement of EMI Shielding Effectiveness 29
1.6 Terahertz and Millimeter Wave Measurements 31
1.7 Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Powder Samples 34
1.8 Estimation of Dielectric Loss by Spectroscopic Methods 35
1.9 Factors Affecting Dielectric Loss 39
1.10 Measurement of Temperature Coefficient of Resonant Frequency 41
1.11 Tuning of the Resonant Frequency 42
References 45
2. Modeling of Microwave Dielectric Properties of Composites 53
Marko Tuhkala, Merja Teirikangas, and Jari Juuti
2.1 Introduction 53
2.2 Connectivity 54
2.3 Electrostatic Theory 56
2.4 Mixing Equations 59
2.5 Effect of Porosity 71
2.6 Conclusion 77
References 77
3. Perovskites 81
K.P. Surendran and Rick Ubic
3.1 Introduction 81
3.2 Lattice Constant Prediction 83
3.3 Tolerance Factor 84
3.4 Octahedral Tilting 86
3.5 Simple Perovskites 87
3.6 Cation Ordering 89
3.7 Cation Deficient Perovskites 133
3.8 Summary 135
References 136
4. High Permittivity Materials 149
Rick Ubic, G. Subodh, and M.T. Sebastian
4.1 Introduction 149
4.2 The BaO-Ln2O3-TiO2 System 149
4.3 The Effect of Processing Parameters on Electrical Properties 162
4.4 Titania 164
4.5 Sr1-3x/2CexTiO3 Ceramics 166
4.6 Pbn(Nb1-xTax)O5+n 174
4.7 (Pb1-xCax)(Fe1/2B1/2)O3 [B = Nb, Ta] 185
4.8 Ag(Nb1-xTax)O3 187
4.9 Summary 190
References 190
5. Millimeter-Wave Materials 203
Hitoshi Ohsato
5.1 Introduction: New Frontiers of Millimeter-Wave Dielectrics 203
5.2 Dielectric Properties for Millimeter Wave 207
5.3 Candidates of Millimeter-Wave Dielectrics 209
5.4 Specialized Study 212
Acknowledgments 259
References 259
6. Other Important Materials 267
M.T. Sebastian and R.C. Pullar
6.1 Spinel 267
6.2 Li2ATi3O8 (A = Mg, Zn) Ceramics 280
6.3 Li2Zn3Ti4O12 289
6.4 Apatites 290
6.5 Alumina 303
6.6 Zirconium Tin Titanate 306
6.7 Dielectric Materials in the BaO-TiO2 System 314
6.8 Columbite Niobates (M2+Nb2O6) 318
Acknowledgments 327
References 328
7. Microwave Dielectric Properties of Glasses and Bulk Glass Ceramics 345
Martin Letz
7.1 Glasses 345
7.2 Bulk Glass Ceramics 349
References 353
8. High Temperature Cofired Ceramic (HTCC), Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC), and Ultralow Temperature Cofired Ceramic (ULTCC) Materials 355
M.T. Sebastian and Heli Jantunen
8.1 High Temperature Cofired Ceramics (HTCC) 355
8.2 HTCC Alumina 357
8.3 Aluminium Nitride HTCC 359
8.4 ZrSiO4 361
8.5 Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) 366
8.6 Ultralow Temperature Cofired Ceramics (ULTCC) 395
8.7 Discussion and Conclusion 408
References 411
Index i1
VOLUME II
List of Contributors xv
Series Preface xvii
Preface xix
9. Voltage Tunable Microwave Dielectrics for Frequency and Phase Agile Devices 427
K. Sudheendran and K.C. James Raju
9.1 Introduction to Voltage Tunable Materials 427
9.2 Different Classes of Voltage Tunable Materials 428
9.3 Importance of Voltage Tunable Materials in Frequency and Phase Agile Devices 432
9.4 Growth Techniques for Voltage Tunable Thin Films on Various Substrates 434
9.5 Characterization techniques 437
9.6 High-Frequency Characterization 438
9.7 Design and Realization Aspects of Varactors Using Tunable Materials 449
9.8 Conclusions 454
Acknowledgment 454
References 454
10. Dielectric Inks 457
J. Varghese and M.T. Sebastian
10.1 Introduction 457
10.2 Methodology 461
10.3 Dielectric Inks and Their Properties 462
10.4 Polymer-Based Dielectric Inks, Properties and Applications 473
10.5 Commercially Available Dielectric Inks, Properties and Applications 475
10.6 Conclusion 475
Acknowledgment 477
References 477
11. Polymer-Ceramic Composites for Microwave Applications 481
R. Ratheesh and M.T. Sebastian
11.1 Introduction: Microwave Substrates 481
11.2 Types of Polymer-Ceramic Composites 483
11.3 Thermoplastic Matrix and Composites 485
11.4 PTFE/Ceramic Composites 489
11.5 Polyethylene-Ceramic Composites 502
11.6 Polystyrene-Ceramic Composites 507
11.7 Epoxy-Ceramic Composites 510
11.8 Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) 513
11.9 Thermal Conductivity 514
11.10 Polymer Nanoceramic Composites 518
11.11 Ultrawideband Antenna Design Using Copper Cladded Ceramic-Filled PTFE Substrates 521
11.12 Conclusion 526
References 527
12. Rubber-Ceramic Composites 537
M.T. Sebastian and L.K. Namitha
12.1 Introduction 537
12.2 Silicone Rubber 539
12.3 Butyl Rubber (BR) 553
12.4 Fabrication of Flexible Microstrip Antenna 567
12.5 Conclusions 570
References 570
13. Designing of Materials for EMI Shielding Applications 575
Swati Varshney and S.K. Dhawan
13.1 Electromagnetic Shielding and Microwave Absorption Mechanism 577
13.2 Shielding Effectiveness (SE) 577
13.3 Measurement of Shielding Effectiveness 578
13.4 Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 581
13.5 New Insight into Designing of Materials for Microwave Shielding 583
13.6 Nanostructured Graphene/Fe3O4 Incorporated Polyaniline for EMI Shielding 584
13.7 Designing of Polypyrrole-;;-Fe2O3 Nanocomposite Wave Absorber 586
13.8 Designing of Conducting Polymer Composite by Incorporating Ferrofluid 590
13.9 Designing of Polypyrrole-Aqueous Ferrofluid (PFF) Nanocomposite Microwave Absorber 593
13.10 Conclusions 596
Acknowledgments 598
References 598
14. Microwave Ferrites and Applications 603
Vincent G. Harris
14.1 Introduction 603
14.2 Structure, chemistry, magnetism, and gyromagnetic properties 604
14.3 Ferrite Materials Processing for Microwave Applications 611
14.4 Semiconductor Integration of Ferrite Thin and Thick Films for MIC Development 620
14.5 Ferrite-Based Microwave Device Development 628
14.6 Outlook 642
References 643
15. Applications of Microwave Dielectrics 653
Heike Bartsch, Alexander Schulz, Jens M?uller, Alexander Ebert, Steffen Spira, Frank Wollenschl?ager, and Matthias Hein
15.1 General Requirements for Microwave Applications 653
15.2 LTCC Microwave Components and Materials 654
15.3 LTCC Application Examples 666
References 676
16. Applications of Dielectric Resonators 683
P. Mohanan and S. Mridula
16.1 Introduction 683
16.2 Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) 684
16.3 Applications of Dielectric Resonator in Microwave Oscillators 698
16.4 Application of Dielectric Resonators in Microwave Filters 703
References 710
Appendix: List of Low-Loss Ceramic Dielectric Materials and Their Properties 715
M.T. Sebastian
Index i1
List of Contributors xv
Series Preface xvii
Preface xix
1. Measurement of Microwave Dielectric Properties and Factors Affecting Them 1
M.T. Sebastian, M.A.S. Silva, and A.S.B. Sombra
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Permittivity (;;r) and quality factor (Q) 2
1.3 Measurement of Microwave Dielectric Properties 7
1.4 Methods of Measurement 8
1.5 Measurement of EMI Shielding Effectiveness 29
1.6 Terahertz and Millimeter Wave Measurements 31
1.7 Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Powder Samples 34
1.8 Estimation of Dielectric Loss by Spectroscopic Methods 35
1.9 Factors Affecting Dielectric Loss 39
1.10 Measurement of Temperature Coefficient of Resonant Frequency 41
1.11 Tuning of the Resonant Frequency 42
References 45
2. Modeling of Microwave Dielectric Properties of Composites 53
Marko Tuhkala, Merja Teirikangas, and Jari Juuti
2.1 Introduction 53
2.2 Connectivity 54
2.3 Electrostatic Theory 56
2.4 Mixing Equations 59
2.5 Effect of Porosity 71
2.6 Conclusion 77
References 77
3. Perovskites 81
K.P. Surendran and Rick Ubic
3.1 Introduction 81
3.2 Lattice Constant Prediction 83
3.3 Tolerance Factor 84
3.4 Octahedral Tilting 86
3.5 Simple Perovskites 87
3.6 Cation Ordering 89
3.7 Cation Deficient Perovskites 133
3.8 Summary 135
References 136
4. High Permittivity Materials 149
Rick Ubic, G. Subodh, and M.T. Sebastian
4.1 Introduction 149
4.2 The BaO-Ln2O3-TiO2 System 149
4.3 The Effect of Processing Parameters on Electrical Properties 162
4.4 Titania 164
4.5 Sr1-3x/2CexTiO3 Ceramics 166
4.6 Pbn(Nb1-xTax)O5+n 174
4.7 (Pb1-xCax)(Fe1/2B1/2)O3 [B = Nb, Ta] 185
4.8 Ag(Nb1-xTax)O3 187
4.9 Summary 190
References 190
5. Millimeter-Wave Materials 203
Hitoshi Ohsato
5.1 Introduction: New Frontiers of Millimeter-Wave Dielectrics 203
5.2 Dielectric Properties for Millimeter Wave 207
5.3 Candidates of Millimeter-Wave Dielectrics 209
5.4 Specialized Study 212
Acknowledgments 259
References 259
6. Other Important Materials 267
M.T. Sebastian and R.C. Pullar
6.1 Spinel 267
6.2 Li2ATi3O8 (A = Mg, Zn) Ceramics 280
6.3 Li2Zn3Ti4O12 289
6.4 Apatites 290
6.5 Alumina 303
6.6 Zirconium Tin Titanate 306
6.7 Dielectric Materials in the BaO-TiO2 System 314
6.8 Columbite Niobates (M2+Nb2O6) 318
Acknowledgments 327
References 328
7. Microwave Dielectric Properties of Glasses and Bulk Glass Ceramics 345
Martin Letz
7.1 Glasses 345
7.2 Bulk Glass Ceramics 349
References 353
8. High Temperature Cofired Ceramic (HTCC), Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC), and Ultralow Temperature Cofired Ceramic (ULTCC) Materials 355
M.T. Sebastian and Heli Jantunen
8.1 High Temperature Cofired Ceramics (HTCC) 355
8.2 HTCC Alumina 357
8.3 Aluminium Nitride HTCC 359
8.4 ZrSiO4 361
8.5 Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) 366
8.6 Ultralow Temperature Cofired Ceramics (ULTCC) 395
8.7 Discussion and Conclusion 408
References 411
Index i1
VOLUME II
List of Contributors xv
Series Preface xvii
Preface xix
9. Voltage Tunable Microwave Dielectrics for Frequency and Phase Agile Devices 427
K. Sudheendran and K.C. James Raju
9.1 Introduction to Voltage Tunable Materials 427
9.2 Different Classes of Voltage Tunable Materials 428
9.3 Importance of Voltage Tunable Materials in Frequency and Phase Agile Devices 432
9.4 Growth Techniques for Voltage Tunable Thin Films on Various Substrates 434
9.5 Characterization techniques 437
9.6 High-Frequency Characterization 438
9.7 Design and Realization Aspects of Varactors Using Tunable Materials 449
9.8 Conclusions 454
Acknowledgment 454
References 454
10. Dielectric Inks 457
J. Varghese and M.T. Sebastian
10.1 Introduction 457
10.2 Methodology 461
10.3 Dielectric Inks and Their Properties 462
10.4 Polymer-Based Dielectric Inks, Properties and Applications 473
10.5 Commercially Available Dielectric Inks, Properties and Applications 475
10.6 Conclusion 475
Acknowledgment 477
References 477
11. Polymer-Ceramic Composites for Microwave Applications 481
R. Ratheesh and M.T. Sebastian
11.1 Introduction: Microwave Substrates 481
11.2 Types of Polymer-Ceramic Composites 483
11.3 Thermoplastic Matrix and Composites 485
11.4 PTFE/Ceramic Composites 489
11.5 Polyethylene-Ceramic Composites 502
11.6 Polystyrene-Ceramic Composites 507
11.7 Epoxy-Ceramic Composites 510
11.8 Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) 513
11.9 Thermal Conductivity 514
11.10 Polymer Nanoceramic Composites 518
11.11 Ultrawideband Antenna Design Using Copper Cladded Ceramic-Filled PTFE Substrates 521
11.12 Conclusion 526
References 527
12. Rubber-Ceramic Composites 537
M.T. Sebastian and L.K. Namitha
12.1 Introduction 537
12.2 Silicone Rubber 539
12.3 Butyl Rubber (BR) 553
12.4 Fabrication of Flexible Microstrip Antenna 567
12.5 Conclusions 570
References 570
13. Designing of Materials for EMI Shielding Applications 575
Swati Varshney and S.K. Dhawan
13.1 Electromagnetic Shielding and Microwave Absorption Mechanism 577
13.2 Shielding Effectiveness (SE) 577
13.3 Measurement of Shielding Effectiveness 578
13.4 Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 581
13.5 New Insight into Designing of Materials for Microwave Shielding 583
13.6 Nanostructured Graphene/Fe3O4 Incorporated Polyaniline for EMI Shielding 584
13.7 Designing of Polypyrrole-;;-Fe2O3 Nanocomposite Wave Absorber 586
13.8 Designing of Conducting Polymer Composite by Incorporating Ferrofluid 590
13.9 Designing of Polypyrrole-Aqueous Ferrofluid (PFF) Nanocomposite Microwave Absorber 593
13.10 Conclusions 596
Acknowledgments 598
References 598
14. Microwave Ferrites and Applications 603
Vincent G. Harris
14.1 Introduction 603
14.2 Structure, chemistry, magnetism, and gyromagnetic properties 604
14.3 Ferrite Materials Processing for Microwave Applications 611
14.4 Semiconductor Integration of Ferrite Thin and Thick Films for MIC Development 620
14.5 Ferrite-Based Microwave Device Development 628
14.6 Outlook 642
References 643
15. Applications of Microwave Dielectrics 653
Heike Bartsch, Alexander Schulz, Jens M?uller, Alexander Ebert, Steffen Spira, Frank Wollenschl?ager, and Matthias Hein
15.1 General Requirements for Microwave Applications 653
15.2 LTCC Microwave Components and Materials 654
15.3 LTCC Application Examples 666
References 676
16. Applications of Dielectric Resonators 683
P. Mohanan and S. Mridula
16.1 Introduction 683
16.2 Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) 684
16.3 Applications of Dielectric Resonator in Microwave Oscillators 698
16.4 Application of Dielectric Resonators in Microwave Filters 703
References 710
Appendix: List of Low-Loss Ceramic Dielectric Materials and Their Properties 715
M.T. Sebastian
Index i1
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Microwave materials; LTCC/ULTCC materials; Flexible electronics; Dielectric resonator; Microwave Substrates; EMI shielding materials; Microwave Ferrites; Dielectric Inks; Microwave Measurements; Applications of Microwave Materials
VOLUME I
List of Contributors xv
Series Preface xvii
Preface xix
1. Measurement of Microwave Dielectric Properties and Factors Affecting Them 1
M.T. Sebastian, M.A.S. Silva, and A.S.B. Sombra
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Permittivity (;;r) and quality factor (Q) 2
1.3 Measurement of Microwave Dielectric Properties 7
1.4 Methods of Measurement 8
1.5 Measurement of EMI Shielding Effectiveness 29
1.6 Terahertz and Millimeter Wave Measurements 31
1.7 Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Powder Samples 34
1.8 Estimation of Dielectric Loss by Spectroscopic Methods 35
1.9 Factors Affecting Dielectric Loss 39
1.10 Measurement of Temperature Coefficient of Resonant Frequency 41
1.11 Tuning of the Resonant Frequency 42
References 45
2. Modeling of Microwave Dielectric Properties of Composites 53
Marko Tuhkala, Merja Teirikangas, and Jari Juuti
2.1 Introduction 53
2.2 Connectivity 54
2.3 Electrostatic Theory 56
2.4 Mixing Equations 59
2.5 Effect of Porosity 71
2.6 Conclusion 77
References 77
3. Perovskites 81
K.P. Surendran and Rick Ubic
3.1 Introduction 81
3.2 Lattice Constant Prediction 83
3.3 Tolerance Factor 84
3.4 Octahedral Tilting 86
3.5 Simple Perovskites 87
3.6 Cation Ordering 89
3.7 Cation Deficient Perovskites 133
3.8 Summary 135
References 136
4. High Permittivity Materials 149
Rick Ubic, G. Subodh, and M.T. Sebastian
4.1 Introduction 149
4.2 The BaO-Ln2O3-TiO2 System 149
4.3 The Effect of Processing Parameters on Electrical Properties 162
4.4 Titania 164
4.5 Sr1-3x/2CexTiO3 Ceramics 166
4.6 Pbn(Nb1-xTax)O5+n 174
4.7 (Pb1-xCax)(Fe1/2B1/2)O3 [B = Nb, Ta] 185
4.8 Ag(Nb1-xTax)O3 187
4.9 Summary 190
References 190
5. Millimeter-Wave Materials 203
Hitoshi Ohsato
5.1 Introduction: New Frontiers of Millimeter-Wave Dielectrics 203
5.2 Dielectric Properties for Millimeter Wave 207
5.3 Candidates of Millimeter-Wave Dielectrics 209
5.4 Specialized Study 212
Acknowledgments 259
References 259
6. Other Important Materials 267
M.T. Sebastian and R.C. Pullar
6.1 Spinel 267
6.2 Li2ATi3O8 (A = Mg, Zn) Ceramics 280
6.3 Li2Zn3Ti4O12 289
6.4 Apatites 290
6.5 Alumina 303
6.6 Zirconium Tin Titanate 306
6.7 Dielectric Materials in the BaO-TiO2 System 314
6.8 Columbite Niobates (M2+Nb2O6) 318
Acknowledgments 327
References 328
7. Microwave Dielectric Properties of Glasses and Bulk Glass Ceramics 345
Martin Letz
7.1 Glasses 345
7.2 Bulk Glass Ceramics 349
References 353
8. High Temperature Cofired Ceramic (HTCC), Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC), and Ultralow Temperature Cofired Ceramic (ULTCC) Materials 355
M.T. Sebastian and Heli Jantunen
8.1 High Temperature Cofired Ceramics (HTCC) 355
8.2 HTCC Alumina 357
8.3 Aluminium Nitride HTCC 359
8.4 ZrSiO4 361
8.5 Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) 366
8.6 Ultralow Temperature Cofired Ceramics (ULTCC) 395
8.7 Discussion and Conclusion 408
References 411
Index i1
VOLUME II
List of Contributors xv
Series Preface xvii
Preface xix
9. Voltage Tunable Microwave Dielectrics for Frequency and Phase Agile Devices 427
K. Sudheendran and K.C. James Raju
9.1 Introduction to Voltage Tunable Materials 427
9.2 Different Classes of Voltage Tunable Materials 428
9.3 Importance of Voltage Tunable Materials in Frequency and Phase Agile Devices 432
9.4 Growth Techniques for Voltage Tunable Thin Films on Various Substrates 434
9.5 Characterization techniques 437
9.6 High-Frequency Characterization 438
9.7 Design and Realization Aspects of Varactors Using Tunable Materials 449
9.8 Conclusions 454
Acknowledgment 454
References 454
10. Dielectric Inks 457
J. Varghese and M.T. Sebastian
10.1 Introduction 457
10.2 Methodology 461
10.3 Dielectric Inks and Their Properties 462
10.4 Polymer-Based Dielectric Inks, Properties and Applications 473
10.5 Commercially Available Dielectric Inks, Properties and Applications 475
10.6 Conclusion 475
Acknowledgment 477
References 477
11. Polymer-Ceramic Composites for Microwave Applications 481
R. Ratheesh and M.T. Sebastian
11.1 Introduction: Microwave Substrates 481
11.2 Types of Polymer-Ceramic Composites 483
11.3 Thermoplastic Matrix and Composites 485
11.4 PTFE/Ceramic Composites 489
11.5 Polyethylene-Ceramic Composites 502
11.6 Polystyrene-Ceramic Composites 507
11.7 Epoxy-Ceramic Composites 510
11.8 Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) 513
11.9 Thermal Conductivity 514
11.10 Polymer Nanoceramic Composites 518
11.11 Ultrawideband Antenna Design Using Copper Cladded Ceramic-Filled PTFE Substrates 521
11.12 Conclusion 526
References 527
12. Rubber-Ceramic Composites 537
M.T. Sebastian and L.K. Namitha
12.1 Introduction 537
12.2 Silicone Rubber 539
12.3 Butyl Rubber (BR) 553
12.4 Fabrication of Flexible Microstrip Antenna 567
12.5 Conclusions 570
References 570
13. Designing of Materials for EMI Shielding Applications 575
Swati Varshney and S.K. Dhawan
13.1 Electromagnetic Shielding and Microwave Absorption Mechanism 577
13.2 Shielding Effectiveness (SE) 577
13.3 Measurement of Shielding Effectiveness 578
13.4 Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 581
13.5 New Insight into Designing of Materials for Microwave Shielding 583
13.6 Nanostructured Graphene/Fe3O4 Incorporated Polyaniline for EMI Shielding 584
13.7 Designing of Polypyrrole-;;-Fe2O3 Nanocomposite Wave Absorber 586
13.8 Designing of Conducting Polymer Composite by Incorporating Ferrofluid 590
13.9 Designing of Polypyrrole-Aqueous Ferrofluid (PFF) Nanocomposite Microwave Absorber 593
13.10 Conclusions 596
Acknowledgments 598
References 598
14. Microwave Ferrites and Applications 603
Vincent G. Harris
14.1 Introduction 603
14.2 Structure, chemistry, magnetism, and gyromagnetic properties 604
14.3 Ferrite Materials Processing for Microwave Applications 611
14.4 Semiconductor Integration of Ferrite Thin and Thick Films for MIC Development 620
14.5 Ferrite-Based Microwave Device Development 628
14.6 Outlook 642
References 643
15. Applications of Microwave Dielectrics 653
Heike Bartsch, Alexander Schulz, Jens M?uller, Alexander Ebert, Steffen Spira, Frank Wollenschl?ager, and Matthias Hein
15.1 General Requirements for Microwave Applications 653
15.2 LTCC Microwave Components and Materials 654
15.3 LTCC Application Examples 666
References 676
16. Applications of Dielectric Resonators 683
P. Mohanan and S. Mridula
16.1 Introduction 683
16.2 Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) 684
16.3 Applications of Dielectric Resonator in Microwave Oscillators 698
16.4 Application of Dielectric Resonators in Microwave Filters 703
References 710
Appendix: List of Low-Loss Ceramic Dielectric Materials and Their Properties 715
M.T. Sebastian
Index i1
List of Contributors xv
Series Preface xvii
Preface xix
1. Measurement of Microwave Dielectric Properties and Factors Affecting Them 1
M.T. Sebastian, M.A.S. Silva, and A.S.B. Sombra
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Permittivity (;;r) and quality factor (Q) 2
1.3 Measurement of Microwave Dielectric Properties 7
1.4 Methods of Measurement 8
1.5 Measurement of EMI Shielding Effectiveness 29
1.6 Terahertz and Millimeter Wave Measurements 31
1.7 Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Powder Samples 34
1.8 Estimation of Dielectric Loss by Spectroscopic Methods 35
1.9 Factors Affecting Dielectric Loss 39
1.10 Measurement of Temperature Coefficient of Resonant Frequency 41
1.11 Tuning of the Resonant Frequency 42
References 45
2. Modeling of Microwave Dielectric Properties of Composites 53
Marko Tuhkala, Merja Teirikangas, and Jari Juuti
2.1 Introduction 53
2.2 Connectivity 54
2.3 Electrostatic Theory 56
2.4 Mixing Equations 59
2.5 Effect of Porosity 71
2.6 Conclusion 77
References 77
3. Perovskites 81
K.P. Surendran and Rick Ubic
3.1 Introduction 81
3.2 Lattice Constant Prediction 83
3.3 Tolerance Factor 84
3.4 Octahedral Tilting 86
3.5 Simple Perovskites 87
3.6 Cation Ordering 89
3.7 Cation Deficient Perovskites 133
3.8 Summary 135
References 136
4. High Permittivity Materials 149
Rick Ubic, G. Subodh, and M.T. Sebastian
4.1 Introduction 149
4.2 The BaO-Ln2O3-TiO2 System 149
4.3 The Effect of Processing Parameters on Electrical Properties 162
4.4 Titania 164
4.5 Sr1-3x/2CexTiO3 Ceramics 166
4.6 Pbn(Nb1-xTax)O5+n 174
4.7 (Pb1-xCax)(Fe1/2B1/2)O3 [B = Nb, Ta] 185
4.8 Ag(Nb1-xTax)O3 187
4.9 Summary 190
References 190
5. Millimeter-Wave Materials 203
Hitoshi Ohsato
5.1 Introduction: New Frontiers of Millimeter-Wave Dielectrics 203
5.2 Dielectric Properties for Millimeter Wave 207
5.3 Candidates of Millimeter-Wave Dielectrics 209
5.4 Specialized Study 212
Acknowledgments 259
References 259
6. Other Important Materials 267
M.T. Sebastian and R.C. Pullar
6.1 Spinel 267
6.2 Li2ATi3O8 (A = Mg, Zn) Ceramics 280
6.3 Li2Zn3Ti4O12 289
6.4 Apatites 290
6.5 Alumina 303
6.6 Zirconium Tin Titanate 306
6.7 Dielectric Materials in the BaO-TiO2 System 314
6.8 Columbite Niobates (M2+Nb2O6) 318
Acknowledgments 327
References 328
7. Microwave Dielectric Properties of Glasses and Bulk Glass Ceramics 345
Martin Letz
7.1 Glasses 345
7.2 Bulk Glass Ceramics 349
References 353
8. High Temperature Cofired Ceramic (HTCC), Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC), and Ultralow Temperature Cofired Ceramic (ULTCC) Materials 355
M.T. Sebastian and Heli Jantunen
8.1 High Temperature Cofired Ceramics (HTCC) 355
8.2 HTCC Alumina 357
8.3 Aluminium Nitride HTCC 359
8.4 ZrSiO4 361
8.5 Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) 366
8.6 Ultralow Temperature Cofired Ceramics (ULTCC) 395
8.7 Discussion and Conclusion 408
References 411
Index i1
VOLUME II
List of Contributors xv
Series Preface xvii
Preface xix
9. Voltage Tunable Microwave Dielectrics for Frequency and Phase Agile Devices 427
K. Sudheendran and K.C. James Raju
9.1 Introduction to Voltage Tunable Materials 427
9.2 Different Classes of Voltage Tunable Materials 428
9.3 Importance of Voltage Tunable Materials in Frequency and Phase Agile Devices 432
9.4 Growth Techniques for Voltage Tunable Thin Films on Various Substrates 434
9.5 Characterization techniques 437
9.6 High-Frequency Characterization 438
9.7 Design and Realization Aspects of Varactors Using Tunable Materials 449
9.8 Conclusions 454
Acknowledgment 454
References 454
10. Dielectric Inks 457
J. Varghese and M.T. Sebastian
10.1 Introduction 457
10.2 Methodology 461
10.3 Dielectric Inks and Their Properties 462
10.4 Polymer-Based Dielectric Inks, Properties and Applications 473
10.5 Commercially Available Dielectric Inks, Properties and Applications 475
10.6 Conclusion 475
Acknowledgment 477
References 477
11. Polymer-Ceramic Composites for Microwave Applications 481
R. Ratheesh and M.T. Sebastian
11.1 Introduction: Microwave Substrates 481
11.2 Types of Polymer-Ceramic Composites 483
11.3 Thermoplastic Matrix and Composites 485
11.4 PTFE/Ceramic Composites 489
11.5 Polyethylene-Ceramic Composites 502
11.6 Polystyrene-Ceramic Composites 507
11.7 Epoxy-Ceramic Composites 510
11.8 Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) 513
11.9 Thermal Conductivity 514
11.10 Polymer Nanoceramic Composites 518
11.11 Ultrawideband Antenna Design Using Copper Cladded Ceramic-Filled PTFE Substrates 521
11.12 Conclusion 526
References 527
12. Rubber-Ceramic Composites 537
M.T. Sebastian and L.K. Namitha
12.1 Introduction 537
12.2 Silicone Rubber 539
12.3 Butyl Rubber (BR) 553
12.4 Fabrication of Flexible Microstrip Antenna 567
12.5 Conclusions 570
References 570
13. Designing of Materials for EMI Shielding Applications 575
Swati Varshney and S.K. Dhawan
13.1 Electromagnetic Shielding and Microwave Absorption Mechanism 577
13.2 Shielding Effectiveness (SE) 577
13.3 Measurement of Shielding Effectiveness 578
13.4 Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 581
13.5 New Insight into Designing of Materials for Microwave Shielding 583
13.6 Nanostructured Graphene/Fe3O4 Incorporated Polyaniline for EMI Shielding 584
13.7 Designing of Polypyrrole-;;-Fe2O3 Nanocomposite Wave Absorber 586
13.8 Designing of Conducting Polymer Composite by Incorporating Ferrofluid 590
13.9 Designing of Polypyrrole-Aqueous Ferrofluid (PFF) Nanocomposite Microwave Absorber 593
13.10 Conclusions 596
Acknowledgments 598
References 598
14. Microwave Ferrites and Applications 603
Vincent G. Harris
14.1 Introduction 603
14.2 Structure, chemistry, magnetism, and gyromagnetic properties 604
14.3 Ferrite Materials Processing for Microwave Applications 611
14.4 Semiconductor Integration of Ferrite Thin and Thick Films for MIC Development 620
14.5 Ferrite-Based Microwave Device Development 628
14.6 Outlook 642
References 643
15. Applications of Microwave Dielectrics 653
Heike Bartsch, Alexander Schulz, Jens M?uller, Alexander Ebert, Steffen Spira, Frank Wollenschl?ager, and Matthias Hein
15.1 General Requirements for Microwave Applications 653
15.2 LTCC Microwave Components and Materials 654
15.3 LTCC Application Examples 666
References 676
16. Applications of Dielectric Resonators 683
P. Mohanan and S. Mridula
16.1 Introduction 683
16.2 Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) 684
16.3 Applications of Dielectric Resonator in Microwave Oscillators 698
16.4 Application of Dielectric Resonators in Microwave Filters 703
References 710
Appendix: List of Low-Loss Ceramic Dielectric Materials and Their Properties 715
M.T. Sebastian
Index i1
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