Design of Shipboard Power System Grounding / Earthing
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Design of Shipboard Power System Grounding / Earthing
Doerry, Norbert; Prousalidis, John; Islam, Mohammed M.
John Wiley & Sons Inc
12/2024
368
Dura
9781119933083
15 a 20 dias
Descrição não disponível.
About the Authors xiii
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Grounding and Earthing Definitions 2
1.3 Common Mode Terminology 4
1.4 Types of Power Distribution Systems 5
1.5 Types of Power System Grounding Systems 7
1.6 Modeling and Simulation 8
1.7 Book Overview 9
1.8 Legal Notice 13
2 System Grounding: Shipboard Ungrounded AC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 15
2.1 Characteristics 15
2.2 Modeling Shipboard Ungrounded AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 19
2.3 Ground Fault Detection 29
2.4 Ground Fault Localization 37
2.5 Electrical Insulation Impacts 41
2.6 One-Line Diagram Symbology 41
2.7 Case Studies 42
2.8 Reference Cable Data 49
3 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 55
3.1 Characteristics 55
3.2 Grounding Circuit 64
3.3 Location of Grounding Circuit 74
3.4 Ground Fault Detection 78
3.5 Ground Fault Localization 79
3.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 83
3.7 Limiting Ground Fault Current 83
4 System Grounding: Shipboard Solidly Grounded AC Systems (No Greater than 400 V) 85
4.1 Characteristics 85
4.2 Design Considerations 89
4.3 Cable Insulation Colors 97
5 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG AC Primary Distribution Systems (Greater than 1 kV) 99
5.1 Characteristics 99
5.2 Grounding Circuit 100
5.3 Modeling Shipboard HRG AC Primary Distribution Systems 102
5.4 Location of Grounding Circuit 117
5.5 Ground Fault Detection 118
5.6 Ground Fault Localization 118
5.7 Electrical Insulation Impact 119
5.8 Limiting Ground Fault Current 120
5.9 Cable Terminations 120
6 System Grounding: Shipboard Ungrounded DC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 125
6.1 Characteristics 125
6.2 Modeling 128
6.3 Ground Fault Detection 133
6.4 Ground Fault Localization 136
6.5 Auctioneering Diodes 140
6.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 143
6.7 Cable Insulation Colors 143
7 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG DC Systems 145
7.1 Characteristics 145
7.2 Grounding Methods 146
7.3 Modeling 151
7.4 Ground Fault Detection 154
7.5 Ground Fault Localization 154
7.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 158
8 System Grounding: Shipboard Solidly Grounded DC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 161
8.1 Characteristics 161
8.2 Corrosion 163
8.3 Modeling Shipboard Solidly Grounded DC Systems 163
8.4 Ground Fault Detection and Localization 164
8.5 Electrical Insulation Impacts 166
8.6 Cable Insulation Colors 166
9 Designing Shipboard Power System Grounding/Earthing Systems 167
9.1 Introduction 167
9.2 AC Primary Distribution Systems 168
9.3 AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 170
9.4 AC Low-Voltage Secondary Distribution Systems 171
9.5 AC Low-Voltage Special Circuits 172
9.6 DC Primary Distribution Systems 172
9.7 DC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 173
9.8 DC Low-Voltage Secondary Distribution Systems 173
9.9 DC Low-Voltage Special Circuits 174
9.10 Examples 174
10 Power Conversion Equipment Grounding 195
10.1 Introduction 195
10.2 Transformers 195
10.3 Isolated Power Conversion Equipment 198
10.4 Non-Isolated Power Conversion Equipment 199
10.5 CM Voltage and Current Control 201
10.6 VFD Cable 202
10.7 Examples 209
10.8 Maintenance Considerations 217
11 Shore Power (Cold Ironing) Connection Grounding 221
11.1 Introduction 221
11.2 Low-Voltage Shore Connections 223
11.3 High-Voltage Shore Connections 227
12 Vehicle Connections Grounding 239
12.1 Introduction 239
12.2 Design Considerations 239
13 Common Mode Grounding: Impact of Common Mode Currents and Voltages on Grounding Systems 243
13.1 Common Mode Fundamentals 243
13.2 Relationship of CM to EMI and EMC 256
13.3 Control of CM Currents and Voltages 257
13.4 Advanced CM Modeling 275
13.5 Design Considerations 276
14 Protective Earthing: Bonding 279
14.1 Introduction 279
14.2 Design Considerations 280
14.3 Testing 286
15 Current-Related Corrosion 289
15.1 Introduction 289
15.2 Galvanic Corrosion Theory 289
15.3 Impact of Current on Galvanic Corrosion 296
15.4 Shipboard Corrosion 297
15.5 Cathodic Protection Systems 300
16 Lightning Protection Systems 305
16.1 Introduction 305
16.2 Design Considerations 308
17 Grounding Systems for Nonmetallic Hull Ships 317
17.1 Design Considerations 317
Reference 319
Appendix A Glossary 321
Appendix B Acronyms and Abbreviations 337
Appendix C Impact of Electric Current on Humans 339
Index 345
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Grounding and Earthing Definitions 2
1.3 Common Mode Terminology 4
1.4 Types of Power Distribution Systems 5
1.5 Types of Power System Grounding Systems 7
1.6 Modeling and Simulation 8
1.7 Book Overview 9
1.8 Legal Notice 13
2 System Grounding: Shipboard Ungrounded AC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 15
2.1 Characteristics 15
2.2 Modeling Shipboard Ungrounded AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 19
2.3 Ground Fault Detection 29
2.4 Ground Fault Localization 37
2.5 Electrical Insulation Impacts 41
2.6 One-Line Diagram Symbology 41
2.7 Case Studies 42
2.8 Reference Cable Data 49
3 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 55
3.1 Characteristics 55
3.2 Grounding Circuit 64
3.3 Location of Grounding Circuit 74
3.4 Ground Fault Detection 78
3.5 Ground Fault Localization 79
3.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 83
3.7 Limiting Ground Fault Current 83
4 System Grounding: Shipboard Solidly Grounded AC Systems (No Greater than 400 V) 85
4.1 Characteristics 85
4.2 Design Considerations 89
4.3 Cable Insulation Colors 97
5 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG AC Primary Distribution Systems (Greater than 1 kV) 99
5.1 Characteristics 99
5.2 Grounding Circuit 100
5.3 Modeling Shipboard HRG AC Primary Distribution Systems 102
5.4 Location of Grounding Circuit 117
5.5 Ground Fault Detection 118
5.6 Ground Fault Localization 118
5.7 Electrical Insulation Impact 119
5.8 Limiting Ground Fault Current 120
5.9 Cable Terminations 120
6 System Grounding: Shipboard Ungrounded DC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 125
6.1 Characteristics 125
6.2 Modeling 128
6.3 Ground Fault Detection 133
6.4 Ground Fault Localization 136
6.5 Auctioneering Diodes 140
6.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 143
6.7 Cable Insulation Colors 143
7 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG DC Systems 145
7.1 Characteristics 145
7.2 Grounding Methods 146
7.3 Modeling 151
7.4 Ground Fault Detection 154
7.5 Ground Fault Localization 154
7.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 158
8 System Grounding: Shipboard Solidly Grounded DC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 161
8.1 Characteristics 161
8.2 Corrosion 163
8.3 Modeling Shipboard Solidly Grounded DC Systems 163
8.4 Ground Fault Detection and Localization 164
8.5 Electrical Insulation Impacts 166
8.6 Cable Insulation Colors 166
9 Designing Shipboard Power System Grounding/Earthing Systems 167
9.1 Introduction 167
9.2 AC Primary Distribution Systems 168
9.3 AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 170
9.4 AC Low-Voltage Secondary Distribution Systems 171
9.5 AC Low-Voltage Special Circuits 172
9.6 DC Primary Distribution Systems 172
9.7 DC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 173
9.8 DC Low-Voltage Secondary Distribution Systems 173
9.9 DC Low-Voltage Special Circuits 174
9.10 Examples 174
10 Power Conversion Equipment Grounding 195
10.1 Introduction 195
10.2 Transformers 195
10.3 Isolated Power Conversion Equipment 198
10.4 Non-Isolated Power Conversion Equipment 199
10.5 CM Voltage and Current Control 201
10.6 VFD Cable 202
10.7 Examples 209
10.8 Maintenance Considerations 217
11 Shore Power (Cold Ironing) Connection Grounding 221
11.1 Introduction 221
11.2 Low-Voltage Shore Connections 223
11.3 High-Voltage Shore Connections 227
12 Vehicle Connections Grounding 239
12.1 Introduction 239
12.2 Design Considerations 239
13 Common Mode Grounding: Impact of Common Mode Currents and Voltages on Grounding Systems 243
13.1 Common Mode Fundamentals 243
13.2 Relationship of CM to EMI and EMC 256
13.3 Control of CM Currents and Voltages 257
13.4 Advanced CM Modeling 275
13.5 Design Considerations 276
14 Protective Earthing: Bonding 279
14.1 Introduction 279
14.2 Design Considerations 280
14.3 Testing 286
15 Current-Related Corrosion 289
15.1 Introduction 289
15.2 Galvanic Corrosion Theory 289
15.3 Impact of Current on Galvanic Corrosion 296
15.4 Shipboard Corrosion 297
15.5 Cathodic Protection Systems 300
16 Lightning Protection Systems 305
16.1 Introduction 305
16.2 Design Considerations 308
17 Grounding Systems for Nonmetallic Hull Ships 317
17.1 Design Considerations 317
Reference 319
Appendix A Glossary 321
Appendix B Acronyms and Abbreviations 337
Appendix C Impact of Electric Current on Humans 339
Index 345
Este título pertence ao(s) assunto(s) indicados(s). Para ver outros títulos clique no assunto desejado.
Bonding; high resistance grounding; ground detection system; ungrounded shipboard power system; system grounding; ground potential; harmonics; stray ground fault current; zig-zag transformer; capacitive ground; common mode fundamentals
About the Authors xiii
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Grounding and Earthing Definitions 2
1.3 Common Mode Terminology 4
1.4 Types of Power Distribution Systems 5
1.5 Types of Power System Grounding Systems 7
1.6 Modeling and Simulation 8
1.7 Book Overview 9
1.8 Legal Notice 13
2 System Grounding: Shipboard Ungrounded AC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 15
2.1 Characteristics 15
2.2 Modeling Shipboard Ungrounded AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 19
2.3 Ground Fault Detection 29
2.4 Ground Fault Localization 37
2.5 Electrical Insulation Impacts 41
2.6 One-Line Diagram Symbology 41
2.7 Case Studies 42
2.8 Reference Cable Data 49
3 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 55
3.1 Characteristics 55
3.2 Grounding Circuit 64
3.3 Location of Grounding Circuit 74
3.4 Ground Fault Detection 78
3.5 Ground Fault Localization 79
3.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 83
3.7 Limiting Ground Fault Current 83
4 System Grounding: Shipboard Solidly Grounded AC Systems (No Greater than 400 V) 85
4.1 Characteristics 85
4.2 Design Considerations 89
4.3 Cable Insulation Colors 97
5 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG AC Primary Distribution Systems (Greater than 1 kV) 99
5.1 Characteristics 99
5.2 Grounding Circuit 100
5.3 Modeling Shipboard HRG AC Primary Distribution Systems 102
5.4 Location of Grounding Circuit 117
5.5 Ground Fault Detection 118
5.6 Ground Fault Localization 118
5.7 Electrical Insulation Impact 119
5.8 Limiting Ground Fault Current 120
5.9 Cable Terminations 120
6 System Grounding: Shipboard Ungrounded DC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 125
6.1 Characteristics 125
6.2 Modeling 128
6.3 Ground Fault Detection 133
6.4 Ground Fault Localization 136
6.5 Auctioneering Diodes 140
6.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 143
6.7 Cable Insulation Colors 143
7 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG DC Systems 145
7.1 Characteristics 145
7.2 Grounding Methods 146
7.3 Modeling 151
7.4 Ground Fault Detection 154
7.5 Ground Fault Localization 154
7.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 158
8 System Grounding: Shipboard Solidly Grounded DC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 161
8.1 Characteristics 161
8.2 Corrosion 163
8.3 Modeling Shipboard Solidly Grounded DC Systems 163
8.4 Ground Fault Detection and Localization 164
8.5 Electrical Insulation Impacts 166
8.6 Cable Insulation Colors 166
9 Designing Shipboard Power System Grounding/Earthing Systems 167
9.1 Introduction 167
9.2 AC Primary Distribution Systems 168
9.3 AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 170
9.4 AC Low-Voltage Secondary Distribution Systems 171
9.5 AC Low-Voltage Special Circuits 172
9.6 DC Primary Distribution Systems 172
9.7 DC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 173
9.8 DC Low-Voltage Secondary Distribution Systems 173
9.9 DC Low-Voltage Special Circuits 174
9.10 Examples 174
10 Power Conversion Equipment Grounding 195
10.1 Introduction 195
10.2 Transformers 195
10.3 Isolated Power Conversion Equipment 198
10.4 Non-Isolated Power Conversion Equipment 199
10.5 CM Voltage and Current Control 201
10.6 VFD Cable 202
10.7 Examples 209
10.8 Maintenance Considerations 217
11 Shore Power (Cold Ironing) Connection Grounding 221
11.1 Introduction 221
11.2 Low-Voltage Shore Connections 223
11.3 High-Voltage Shore Connections 227
12 Vehicle Connections Grounding 239
12.1 Introduction 239
12.2 Design Considerations 239
13 Common Mode Grounding: Impact of Common Mode Currents and Voltages on Grounding Systems 243
13.1 Common Mode Fundamentals 243
13.2 Relationship of CM to EMI and EMC 256
13.3 Control of CM Currents and Voltages 257
13.4 Advanced CM Modeling 275
13.5 Design Considerations 276
14 Protective Earthing: Bonding 279
14.1 Introduction 279
14.2 Design Considerations 280
14.3 Testing 286
15 Current-Related Corrosion 289
15.1 Introduction 289
15.2 Galvanic Corrosion Theory 289
15.3 Impact of Current on Galvanic Corrosion 296
15.4 Shipboard Corrosion 297
15.5 Cathodic Protection Systems 300
16 Lightning Protection Systems 305
16.1 Introduction 305
16.2 Design Considerations 308
17 Grounding Systems for Nonmetallic Hull Ships 317
17.1 Design Considerations 317
Reference 319
Appendix A Glossary 321
Appendix B Acronyms and Abbreviations 337
Appendix C Impact of Electric Current on Humans 339
Index 345
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Grounding and Earthing Definitions 2
1.3 Common Mode Terminology 4
1.4 Types of Power Distribution Systems 5
1.5 Types of Power System Grounding Systems 7
1.6 Modeling and Simulation 8
1.7 Book Overview 9
1.8 Legal Notice 13
2 System Grounding: Shipboard Ungrounded AC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 15
2.1 Characteristics 15
2.2 Modeling Shipboard Ungrounded AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 19
2.3 Ground Fault Detection 29
2.4 Ground Fault Localization 37
2.5 Electrical Insulation Impacts 41
2.6 One-Line Diagram Symbology 41
2.7 Case Studies 42
2.8 Reference Cable Data 49
3 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 55
3.1 Characteristics 55
3.2 Grounding Circuit 64
3.3 Location of Grounding Circuit 74
3.4 Ground Fault Detection 78
3.5 Ground Fault Localization 79
3.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 83
3.7 Limiting Ground Fault Current 83
4 System Grounding: Shipboard Solidly Grounded AC Systems (No Greater than 400 V) 85
4.1 Characteristics 85
4.2 Design Considerations 89
4.3 Cable Insulation Colors 97
5 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG AC Primary Distribution Systems (Greater than 1 kV) 99
5.1 Characteristics 99
5.2 Grounding Circuit 100
5.3 Modeling Shipboard HRG AC Primary Distribution Systems 102
5.4 Location of Grounding Circuit 117
5.5 Ground Fault Detection 118
5.6 Ground Fault Localization 118
5.7 Electrical Insulation Impact 119
5.8 Limiting Ground Fault Current 120
5.9 Cable Terminations 120
6 System Grounding: Shipboard Ungrounded DC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 125
6.1 Characteristics 125
6.2 Modeling 128
6.3 Ground Fault Detection 133
6.4 Ground Fault Localization 136
6.5 Auctioneering Diodes 140
6.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 143
6.7 Cable Insulation Colors 143
7 System Grounding: Shipboard HRG DC Systems 145
7.1 Characteristics 145
7.2 Grounding Methods 146
7.3 Modeling 151
7.4 Ground Fault Detection 154
7.5 Ground Fault Localization 154
7.6 Electrical Insulation Impacts 158
8 System Grounding: Shipboard Solidly Grounded DC Systems (No Greater than 1 kV) 161
8.1 Characteristics 161
8.2 Corrosion 163
8.3 Modeling Shipboard Solidly Grounded DC Systems 163
8.4 Ground Fault Detection and Localization 164
8.5 Electrical Insulation Impacts 166
8.6 Cable Insulation Colors 166
9 Designing Shipboard Power System Grounding/Earthing Systems 167
9.1 Introduction 167
9.2 AC Primary Distribution Systems 168
9.3 AC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 170
9.4 AC Low-Voltage Secondary Distribution Systems 171
9.5 AC Low-Voltage Special Circuits 172
9.6 DC Primary Distribution Systems 172
9.7 DC Low-Voltage Distribution Systems 173
9.8 DC Low-Voltage Secondary Distribution Systems 173
9.9 DC Low-Voltage Special Circuits 174
9.10 Examples 174
10 Power Conversion Equipment Grounding 195
10.1 Introduction 195
10.2 Transformers 195
10.3 Isolated Power Conversion Equipment 198
10.4 Non-Isolated Power Conversion Equipment 199
10.5 CM Voltage and Current Control 201
10.6 VFD Cable 202
10.7 Examples 209
10.8 Maintenance Considerations 217
11 Shore Power (Cold Ironing) Connection Grounding 221
11.1 Introduction 221
11.2 Low-Voltage Shore Connections 223
11.3 High-Voltage Shore Connections 227
12 Vehicle Connections Grounding 239
12.1 Introduction 239
12.2 Design Considerations 239
13 Common Mode Grounding: Impact of Common Mode Currents and Voltages on Grounding Systems 243
13.1 Common Mode Fundamentals 243
13.2 Relationship of CM to EMI and EMC 256
13.3 Control of CM Currents and Voltages 257
13.4 Advanced CM Modeling 275
13.5 Design Considerations 276
14 Protective Earthing: Bonding 279
14.1 Introduction 279
14.2 Design Considerations 280
14.3 Testing 286
15 Current-Related Corrosion 289
15.1 Introduction 289
15.2 Galvanic Corrosion Theory 289
15.3 Impact of Current on Galvanic Corrosion 296
15.4 Shipboard Corrosion 297
15.5 Cathodic Protection Systems 300
16 Lightning Protection Systems 305
16.1 Introduction 305
16.2 Design Considerations 308
17 Grounding Systems for Nonmetallic Hull Ships 317
17.1 Design Considerations 317
Reference 319
Appendix A Glossary 321
Appendix B Acronyms and Abbreviations 337
Appendix C Impact of Electric Current on Humans 339
Index 345
Este título pertence ao(s) assunto(s) indicados(s). Para ver outros títulos clique no assunto desejado.
