Foundations of Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

Foundations of Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

Potma, Eric Olaf

John Wiley & Sons Inc

03/2024

448

Dura

Inglês

9781119814887

15 a 20 dias

666

Descrição não disponível.
Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xv

1 Light: Electromagnetic Radiation 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Electromagnetic Fields 1

1.3 Transverse Waves 7

1.4 Polarization States 15

1.5 Reflection and Transmission at Interfaces 19

1.6 Transformation of the Field by a Lens 23

1.7 Intensity and Energy 29

Bibliography 31

2 Focused Light 33

2.1 Introduction 33

2.2 Interference of Multiple Waves 34

2.3 The Scalar Focal Field 38

2.4 The Focused Vector Field 49

2.5 Aberrations 60

Bibliography 65

3 Ultrafast Pulses 67

3.1 Introduction 67

3.2 Optical Pulses in the Frequency Domain 68

3.3 Optical Pulses in the Time Domain 77

3.4 Measurement of Pulse Duration 88

3.5 Pulse Properties and Nonlinear Optical Signals 95

3.6 Noise 97

Bibliography 102

4 Classical Model of Nonlinear Optics 105

4.1 Introduction 105

4.2 Linear Optical Response 105

4.3 Nonlinear Optical Response 115

4.4 Properties of Nonlinear Susceptibilities 124

Bibliography 134

5 Semiclassical Model of Nonlinear Optics 137

5.1 Introduction 137

5.2 Quantum Mechanical Concepts 138

5.3 Density Matrix Formalism 147

5.4 Perturbation Expansion for the Density Matrix 152

5.5 Linear and Nonlinear Susceptibilities 159

5.6 Quantization of the Electromagnetic Field 164

Bibliography 172

6 Nonlinear Optical Signals: Molecular Transitions, Signal Radiation, Propagation, and Detection 175

6.1 Introduction 175

6.2 Molecular Transitions 175

6.3 Spatial Properties of Radiated Signal 187

6.4 Signal Radiation and Detection 205

Bibliography 211

7 Multiphoton Absorption and Fluorescence Microscopy 213

7.1 Introduction 213

7.2 Physics of Nonlinear Absorption 214

7.3 Optical Sectioning and Imaging Resolution 223

7.4 Direct Detection of Multiphoton Absorption 228

7.5 Fluorescence Detection of Multiphoton Absorption 232

Bibliography 241

8 Pump-Probe Microscopy 245

8.1 Introduction 245

8.2 Pump-Probe Signals in Microscopy 246

8.3 Electronic Pump-Probe Spectroscopy 250

8.4 Detection of Pump-Probe Signals 264

8.5 Imaging Based on the Photothermal Effect 269

Bibliography 277

9 Harmonic Generation Microscopy 281

9.1 Introduction 281

9.2 Molecular Response in Harmonic Imaging 282

9.3 SHG Imaging of Fibrillar Structures 292

9.4 THG Imaging of ?(3) Discontinuities 304

Bibliography 310

10 Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy 313

10.1 Introduction 313

10.2 Molecular Vibrations 314

10.3 Molecular Vibrations in Sum-Frequency Generation 324

10.4 Collinear Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy 334

10.5 Third-Order Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy 344

Bibliography 348

11 Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy 351

11.1 Introduction 351

11.2 The Raman Effect 353

11.3 Coherent Raman Scattering 359

11.4 Raman Spectroscopy of Lipids 373

11.5 Imaging Properties of CARS 378

11.6 Imaging Properties of SRS 387

11.7 Spectral Resolution 391

Bibliography 398

Appendix A Fourier Transform Relationships 401

Appendix B Wavenumbers Unit 403

Appendix C Power Spectral Density of White Noise 405

Appendix D Fermi's Golden Rule 407

Appendix E Population Dynamics with Relaxation 411

Appendix F Stimulated Raman Scattering with Quantized Fields 413

Index 415
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Light propagation; focusing of light; pulses of light; light-matter interactions; molecular excitations; signal radiation; detection of light; multi-photon excited fluorescence; harmonic generation; sum-frequency generation; coherent Raman scattering; pump-probe microscopy