ESL Writer's Handbook

SECTION 1. THE WRITING PROCESS
A. Before You Get Started
B. Understanding the Stages in the Writing Process
SECTION 2. ESSAY STRUCTURE
A. Shaping a Paragraph
B. Shaping an Essay
C. Re-Reading and Revising the Essay
D. A 10-Step Guide to the Writing Process
E. Sample Essay
SECTION 3. PATTERNS OF ESSAY ORGANIZATION
A. Narrative Essay
B. Process Essay
C. Comparison/Contrast Essay
D. Cause-and-Effect Essay
E. Argument Essay
F. Combining Patterns of Organization
SECTION 4. RESEARCH PAPER
A. Choosing a Topic
B. Finding Sources to Support Your Topic
C. Taking Notes
D. Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Using Quotations
E. Outlining
F. Writing Thesis Statements
G. Writing Complete Drafts
H. Proofreading
I. Citation Style Guides
J. APA Style: References, Format, and Sample Paper
K. MLA Style: Works Cited, Format, and Sample Paper
L. Chicago Manual of Style: References, Footnotes and Bibliography
M. IEEE Style: References
SECTION 5. GRAMMAR AND STYLE
USING INCLUSIVE AND UNBIASED LANGUAGE
GRAMMAR AND STYLE AT WORD LEVEL
A. Word Form
B. Articles
C. Prepositions
D. Word Choice in Formal Writing Style
E. Reference Words: Pronouns and Synonyms
F. Reducing Wordiness
G. Parts of a Sentence
H. Subject-Verb Agreement
I. Run-On Sentences and Sentence Fragments
J. Comma Splice
K. Adjective Clauses
L. Parallel Structure
M. Sentence Combining
N. Sentence Variety
SECTION 6. PUNCTUATION
A. Period
B. Question Mark
C. Exclamation Point
D. Comma
E. Semicolon
F. Colon
G. Hyphen
H. Dash
I. Double Quotation Marks
J. Single Quotation Marks
K. Parentheses
L. Brackets
M. Apostrophe
N. Ellipsis
O. Capital Letters
P. Indentation of Paragraphs and Quotations
Q. Abbreviation Period
SECTION 7. QUICK REFERENCE
A. Connections between Ideas
B. Words Often Confused
C. Active and Passive Voice
D. Verb Tenses

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