Politics of Disinformation

Introduction 1

Part I Theoretical Approaches to Disinformation 5

1 Disinformation Matters: Analyzing the Academic Production 7
Nereida Cea and Bella Palomo

2 A Materialist Approach to Fake News 23
Thales Lelo and Roseli Figaro

3 Using International Relations Theories to Understand Disinformation: Soft Power, Narrative Turns, and New Wars 35
Giuseppe Anzera and Alessandra Massa

Part II Disinformation in Politics 49

4 Do You Believe in Fake After All? WhatsApp Disinformation

Campaign During the Brazilian 2018 Presidential Election 51
Rose Marie Santini, Giulia Tucci, Debora Salles, and Alda Rosana D. de Almeida

5 The Politics of Disinformation in Indonesia (2014-2019) 67
Masduki

6 Ideology and Disinformation: How False News Stories Contributed to Brexit 79
Imke Henkel

7 Spanish Politicians Dealing with Fake News in the April 2019 General Election 91
German Llorca-Abad, Guillermo Lopez-Garcia, and Lorena Cano-Oron

Part III Fact-checking in Politics 105

8 Checking Verifications: Focus and Scope of Collaborative Projects to Monitor Election Campaigns in France, Brazil, and Spain 107
Dolors Palau-Sampio and Adolfo Carratala

9 Structures of Resistance: Citizen-generated Reporting in Times of Social Unrest 119
Tomas Dodds

10 Robot Strategies for Combating Disinformation in Election Campaigns: A Fact-checking Response from Parties and Organizations 132
Eva Campos-Dominguez, Cristina Renedo Farpon, Dafne Calvo, and Maria Diez-Garrido

11 "That Prodigious Machinery Designed to Exclude": The Discourse of Post-truth in Algorithmic Culture 146
Jakub Nowak

Part IV The Effects of Disinformation on Everyday Life 159

12 Teens, Social Media, and Fake News: A User's Perspective 161
Heidi Mercenier, Victor Wiard, and Marie Dufrasne

13 Understanding Which Factors Promote Exposure to Online Disinformation 173
Carlos Rodriguez-Perez and Gustavo R. Garcia-Vargas

14 Rumoring, Disinformation, and Contentious Politics in the Digital Age: The Case of China and Beyond 187
Jun Liu

About the Authors 200

Index 205

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• Sociologia e antropologia

<p>Fake news; misinformation; misinformation strategies; misinformation theory; disinformation theory; misinformation case studies; disinformation case studies; populism; rise of populism; political impact of social networks; fact-checking; echo chamber</p>