Handbook of Defence Electronics and Optronics

Preface xxi

1 Military Communications 1

1.1 Introduction to Military Communications 1

1.2 Communication Techniques 5

1.3 Communication Transmitters and Receivers 35

1.4 Antennas, Transmission Media and Propagation Modes 52

1.5 Optical Communication 77

1.6 Software?-Defined Radio 82

1.7 Network?-Centric Warfare 87

1.8 C4ISR 89

1.9 Representative Military Communications Equipment 91

Illustrated Glossary 101

Bibliography 111

2 Radar Fundamentals 113

2.1 Introduction to Radar 113

2.2 Basic Radar Functions 118

2.3 Accuracy and Resolution 123

2.4 Radar Cross?-Section 129

2.5 Radar Clutter 137

2.6 Radar Range Equation 144

2.7 Radar Waveforms 148

2.8 Radar Transmitters 155

2.9 Radar Receivers 159

2.10 Radar Displays 167

2.11 Radar Antennas 168

2.12 Types of Radar 169

Illustrated Glossary 199

Bibliography 201

3 Military Radars 203

3.1 Military Applications of Radar Systems 203

3.2 Ground (or Area) Surveillance Radar Systems 212

3.3 Air Surveillance Radar Systems 224

3.4 Ground Penetrating Radar Systems 240

3.5 Weapon Locating Radar Systems 253

3.6 Fire?-Control Radar Systems 265

3.7 Space?-Based Radar Systems 272

3.8 Police Radar 278

Illustrated Glossary 285

Bibliography 294

4 Satellite Technology 295

4.1 Basic Principles of Orbiting Satellites 295

4.2 Satellite Launch and In?-Orbit Operations 317

4.3 Satellite Hardware 341

4.4 Multiple Access Techniques 358

4.5 Satellite Link Design 367

4.6 Networking Concepts 387

Illustrated Glossary 408

Bibliography 417

5 Military Satellites 419

5.1 Military Applications of Satellites 419

5.2 Military Communication Satellites 420

5.3 Military Satellite Communication Systems 421

5.4 Major International Military Communication Satellites 429

5.5 Reconnaissance Satellites 433

5.6 Major International Reconnaissance Satellites 443

5.7 Military Weather Forecasting Satellites 449

5.8 Military Navigation Satellites 450

5.9 Major International Navigation Satellites 454

5.10 The Future of Satellite Navigation Systems 458

5.11 Space?- Based Weapons 458

Illustrated Glossary 470

Bibliography 473

6 Electronic Warfare 475

6.1 Introduction to Electronic Warfare 475

6.2 Types of Electronic Warfare Systems 476

6.3 Electronic Support Measures 477

6.4 Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) 503

6.5 Electro?-Optic Countermeasures 519

6.6 Infrared Countermeasures 526

6.7 Electronic Counter?-Countermeasures 533

6.8 Stealth Technology 535

6.9 Current and Future Trends in Electronic Wafare 542

Illustrated Glossary 544

Bibliography 554

7 Laser Fundamentals 555

7.1 Operational Basics 555

7.2 Laser Characteristics 576

7.3 Laser Parameters 579

7.4 Measurement of Laser Parameters 585

7.5 Laser Beam Diagnostic Equipment 589

7.6 Types of Lasers 592

7.7 Solid?-State Lasers 593

7.8 Fibre Lasers 613

7.9 Gas Lasers 621

7.10 Semiconductor Lasers 639

Illustrated Glossary 659

Bibliography 667

8 Laser Electronics 669

8.1 Basic Building Blocks of Laser Electronics 669

8.2 Laser Electronics and Related Technologies 723

8.3 Solid?-State Laser Electronics 730

8.4 Gas Laser Electronics 740

8.5 Semiconductor Diode Laser Electronics 758

Illustrated Glossary 775

Bibliography 781

9 Photo Sensors and Related Devices 783

9.1 Classification of Photo Sensors 783

9.2 Radiometry and Photometry 785

9.3 Characteristic Parameters 786

9.4 Photoconductors 793

9.5 Photo Diodes 797

9.6 Solar Cells 806

9.7 Photo Transistors 808

9.8 Photo FET, Photo SCR and Photo TRIAC 810

9.9 Image Sensors 812

9.10 Photo Emissive Sensors 818

9.11 Thermal Sensors 820

9.12 Light?-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 824

9.13 Displays 829

9.14 Night Vision Technologies 838

Illustrated Glossary 856

Bibliography 862

10 Military Laser Systems 865

10.1 Military Applications of Lasers 865

10.2 Laser Aiming Devices 868

10.3 Laser Range Finders (LRF) 869

10.4 Laser Target Designators 884

10.5 Laser Proximity Sensors 901

10.6 Laser?-Based Detection of Electro?-Optic Targets 904

10.7 Laser Bathymetry Sensors 907

10.8 LADAR Sensors 909

10.9 Laser?-Based Gyroscopic Sensors 912

10.10 LIDAR For Detection of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents 920

10.11 Laser?-Based Detection of Explosive Agents 924

Illustrated Glossary 926

Bibliography 931

11 Precision?-Guided Munitions 933

11.1 Introduction 933

11.2 Types of Guided Weapons 934

11.3 Guidance Techniques 939

11.4 Laser?-Guided Munitions 947

11.5 Major Laser?-Guided Weapon Systems 959

11.6 Testing Laser?-Guided Munitions 964

11.7 Infrared?-Guided Weapons 968

11.8 Major Infrared?-Guided Weapon Systems 983

11.9 Testing Infrared?-Guided Weapons 991

11.10 Radar?-Guided Weapons 994

11.11 Major Radar?-Guided Weapon Systems 999

11.12 GPS/INS?-Guided Weapons 1004

Illustrated Glossary 1006

Bibliography 1011

12 Directed Energy Weapons 1013

12.1 Directed?-Energy Weapons (DEWs) 1013

12.2 Types of DEWs 1015

12.3 Particle Beam Weapons 1016

12.4 High?-Power Microwave (HPM) Weapons 1025

12.5 Directed?-Energy Laser Systems 1051

12.6 Less?-Lethal Laser Dazzlers 1052

12.7 High?-Power Lasers for Ordnance Disposal 1061

12.8 High?-Power Directed?-Energy Laser Weapons 1065

12.9 High?-Power Laser Sources 1071

12.10 Beam?-Control Technologies 1086

12.11 Laser Propagation Effects 1087

12.12 Lethality 1091

12.13 Representative Directed?-Energy Laser Weapon Systems 1092

12.14 Laser?-Induced Plasma Channel (LIPC) Weapons 1098

Illustrated Glossary 1098

Bibliography 1105

Index 1107

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• Electrónica e engenharia das comunicações
• Engenharia militar

Military Radars; Military Satellites; Military Communications; Electronic Warfare; Electro-optic Countermeasures; Lasers; Laser Electronics; Optronics Sensors; Precision Guided Munitions; Directed Energy Weapons