Essential Statistics for Bioscientists

Acknowledgements vi

List of Worked Examples of Statistical Tests vii

Introduction 1

1 Basic Statistics 4

2 Displaying and Exploring Sample Data Graphically 35

3 Choosing The Appropriate Statistical Test For Analysis 65

4 Inferential Statistics: Parametric Tests 79

5 Inferential Statistics: Non-parametric Tests 91

6 Using Excel: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 101

7 Using Prism: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 138

8 Using SPSS: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 170

9 Misuse and Misinterpretations of Statistics 202

Appendix 1 Historical Landmarks in Statistics 208

Appendix 2 Common Statistical Terms 210

Appendix 3 Common Symbols Used in Statistics 214

Appendix 4 Standard Formulas 216

Appendix 5 How to Calculate Sample Size 218

Appendix 6 Familiarisation with GraphPad Prism 220

Appendix 7 Answers to Sample Problems 224

Appendix 8 Standard Critical Tables 229

References 243

Index 245

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