Bladder Pathology

Preface vii

1 Normal Anatomy and Histology 1

2 Inflammatory and Infectious Conditions 19

3 Urothelial Metaplasia and Hyperplasia 47

4 Polyps and Other Nonneoplastic Benign Conditions 75

5 Benign Epithelial Tumors 91

6 Flat Urothelial Lesions with Atypia and Urothelial Dysplasia 105

7 Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ 121

8 Bladder Cancer: General Features 147

9 Classification and Grading of Bladder Cancer 175

10 Stage pT1 Urothelial Carcinoma 209

11 Staging of Bladder Cancer 241

12 Histological Variants (Subtypes) of Urothelial Carcinoma 263

13 Bladder Tumors with Inverted Growth 311

14 Bladder Carcinoma in Specific Clinical Setting 329

15 Sarcomatoid Carcinoma (Carcinosarcoma) 345

16 Adenocarcinoma and Its Putative Precursors and Variants 373

17 Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Other Squamous Lesions 397

18 Neuroendocrine Tumors 415

19 Handling and Reporting of Bladder Specimens 449

20 Congenital Disorders and Pediatric Neoplasms 473

21 Soft Tissue Tumors 497

22 Lymphoid and Hematopoietic Tumors 537

23 Other Rare Tumors 547

24 Secondary Tumors 561

25 Treatment Effects 573

26 Pathology of the Urachus 595

27 Pathology of Renal Pelvis, Ureter, and Urethra 611

28 Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry 649

29 Tissue-Based Biomarkers for Prognosis and to Guide Therapy for Bladder Cancer 679

30 Molecular Pathology of Bladder Cancer 717

31 Molecular Determinants for Tumor Prognosis and Targeted Therapy 761

32 Urine-Based Biomarkers 787

33 Evaluation of Hematuria and Urinalysis 819

34 Urinary Cytology 829

Index 857

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• Medicina interna e clínica

Histology; anatomy; urothelial metaplasia; hyperplasia; bladder cancer; bladder tumors; carcinoma; clinical pathology; urachus; renal pelvis; ureter; urethra; immunohistochemistry; molecular pathology; urinary cytology; biomarkers