Black American History For Dummies

Black American History For Dummies

Penrice, Ronda Racha

John Wiley & Sons Inc

06/2021

544

Mole

Inglês

9781119780854

15 a 20 dias

734

Descrição não disponível.
Introduction 1

About This Book 2

Foolish Assumptions 3

Icons Used in This Book 4

Where to Go from Here 5

Part 1: Coming to America 7

Chapter 1: The Soul of America 9

A Peek at the Past 10

Life before slavery 11

Life before emancipation 11

Life before civil rights 12

Being Black in America Today 14

Contributions to history and culture 15

Challenges 19

Black Pride Goes Mainstream 22

Celebrating Black heritage 23

Black cultural tourism booms 24

Reconciling the Past to Create the Future 26

Slavery as an American (not Southern) institution 28

Flagging the issue 28

A question of reparations 30

Chapter 2: From Empires to Bondage: Bringing Africans to the Americas 33

Touring African Empires 34

Ghana Empire 35

Mali 35

Songhai 36

Interaction with the rest of the world 37

Origins of the Transatlantic Slave Trade 38

Slavery on the African continent 38

Launching the European slave trade 39

Enslaving Africans in Latin America and the Caribbean 41

Sanctioning and opposing slavery 42

Dealing with life enslaved 44

Seeking freedom 45

Chapter 3: The Founding of Black America 49

From Servitude to Slavery 49

Inching toward slavery 50

Why Africans? 51

The Triangular Trade 51

The Middle Passage 52

The capture 52

The voyage 54

Safe arrival 55

Black Americans and the Revolution 57

A bit of background 58

Fighting for freedom 58

Hope and disappointment 60

The Free African Society and the Birth of Black America 61

Part 2: Long Road to Freedom 63

Chapter 4: American Slavery, American Freedom 65

American Bondage 66

Northern slavery 66

Enslaved life in the South 69

Before I'd Be a Slave: Fighting the System 73

The Slave Codes 74

Rebellions 75

Running away 79

"Free" Black People 81

Different paths to freedom 82

Perhaps free, but not equal 82

Chapter 5: Bringing Down the House: Marching toward Civil War and Freedom 85

Picking Fights 86

Arguing against slavery 87

Arguing for slavery 88

Leading the Antislavery Assault: Key Abolitionists 89

Anthony Benezet 89

David Walker 90

William Lloyd Garrison 90

Frederick Douglass 91

Fighting with Words 92

Slave narratives 92

Origins of the Black press 93

Colonization (or Emigration) Movement 94

Early resettlement efforts 95

Cuffe: Man on a mission 95

Questioning motives 96

The Effects of Proslavery Politics 96

The Fugitive Slave Clause 96

Stronger fugitive slave measures: Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 97

Battling over the slave status of new land 97

The Missouri Compromise 98

The Underground Railroad 98

Operation Freedom 99

Key people along the line 99

Message in the music 103

The Breaking Point 103

Straining North-South relations 104

The Compromise of 1850 104

The Kansas-Nebraska Act 105

Slavery continues 105

Dred Scott: A strike against freedom 106

Defining events at Harpers Ferry 106

Facing the Moment of Truth 107

Chapter 6: Up from Slavery: Civil War and Reconstruction 109

The Question: To End Slavery or Not? 110

Teetering on a tightrope 110

The first Confiscation Act, 1861 111

Black People in the Early Days of the Civil War 111

Serving the Union 112

Surviving in the South 112

Moving toward the Emancipation Proclamation 113

Shutting down the illegal slave trade 113

Passing the Second Confiscation Act 114

Courting England's support 114

Free at Last (Well, Sort of): The Emancipation Proclamation 114

What the Proclamation did 115

Reaction to the order 115

Finally in the Fight 116

As Union soldiers 116

As Confederate soldiers 118

The War's End and the Thirteenth Amendment 119

(Re)constructing Democracy 121

Undermining Lincoln's plan 121

Taking back the power: Reconstruction Act of 1867 123

A Mixed Bag of Hope and Despair 123

The Freedmen's Bureau 123

Where's my 40 acres and a mule? 124

Back to the land 127

Finding a new way 128

Banking on wealth 128

Taking office 129

The Fifteenth Amendment 130

A Turn for the Worse: The End of Reconstruction 131

The Redeemers 131

The Mississippi Plan 132

Civil Rights Act of 1875 132

Pulling the plug 132

Part 3: Pillars of Change: The Civil Rights Movement 135

Chapter 7: Living Jim Crow 137

Post-Reconstruction Blues 137

The Exoduster Movement 138

Black Town, U.S.A. 139

Lynchings and riots/massacres 140

Instituting Jim Crow: Plessy v. Ferguson 146

Court cases before Plessy 146

The actual case: Plessy v. Ferguson 147

Strategies for Achieving Equality 147

Booker T. Washington: The Accommodationist 148

W.E.B. Du Bois: The Integrationist 148

Organizing for Freedom 150

National Afro-American Council 150

The National Negro Business League 150

The Niagara Movement 152

The NAACP 153

The National Urban League 154

Keep on Moving: The Great Migration 154

Leaving the South 154

Life up North 156

Marcus Garvey: Man with a Plan 156

Advocating racial pride 157

Going "Back to Africa" 157

Powerful enemies 158

Can't Catch a Break: The Depression Years and FDR 158

FDR: Friend or foe? 159

Striking a new deal 159

Can't Fool Us Twice: Black Americans and WWII 161

Chapter 8: I, Too, Sing America: The Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1963 163

The Tide Turns: Brown v. Board of Education (1954) 163

The 1954 ruling and the reaction 164

Desegregating Central High School 167

Massive resistance follows in Virginia 169

Putting a Face to Racial Violence: Emmett Till 169

Emmett Till's murder 170

The outrage of the nation 170

A New Twist in Leadership: Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 171

Adopting the philosophy of nonviolence 172

Founding the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 173

Sit-ins, Boycotts, and Marches: The King Era of the Civil Rights Movement Begins 173

The Montgomery Bus Boycott and Rosa Parks 174

Sitting in for justice 177

Founding SNCC 179

Riding for freedom 179

The Albany Movement: A chink in the armor 180

Integrating Ole Miss and Increasing Federal Involvement 181

1963: A Bloody Year 182

Not-so-sweet home Alabama: Birmingham 182

Murder in Mississippi: Medgar Evers 184

March of All Marches: The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963) 185

Chapter 9: Turning Up the Heat (1963-1968) 187

Suffering Two Tragic Blows 187

Four innocent victims 188

JFK dies 189

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 189

Targeting Mississippi for Voter Registration: Freedom Summer 190

Getting ready 190

Getting out the Black vote 191

Mississippi burning 192

The success of Freedom Summer 192

Oh Lord Selma: Back in Alabama 193

Getting arrested again 194

Marching from Selma to Montgomery 194

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 195

Black Power Rising 196

The Nation of Islam 196

Malcolm X 197

The Black Panther Party 199

The transformation of SNCC 200

Race Relations in the North 201

Rioting in Watts 201

The Chicago Freedom Movement 202

The Poor People's March 203

Death of a King 203

The night of his death and the mourning after 204

Continuing his work 204

Chapter 10: Where Do We Go from Here? Post-Civil Rights 207

The Panthers Stumble 208

Huey Newton: A symbol of Black Power 208

The BPP encounters challenges 208

Changing focus: Embracing nonviolence and women's leadership 213

Fighting Vietnam 214

An unfair fight 214

Reacting to the war 215

Coming home 215

Black Women Taking a Stand 217

A Race to Political Office 219

Getting a foot in the door in the 1960s 220

Making political strides in the 1970s 220

Eyeing a bigger prize in the 1980s 221

Still thriving in the 1990s and early 2000s 222

Money, Money, Money 222

Looking at homeownership 222

Facing barriers in business 223

Successful Black-owned businesses 224

Unforeseen Enemies 226

Crack cocaine 226

HIV/AIDS 228

The Racial Divide 229

L.A. riots 230

The O.J. Simpson verdict 230

A modern-day lynching 231

Hurricane Katrina 232

Chapter 11: The New Civil Rights - Obama, Black Lives Matter, and Beyond 233

Gaining the Presidency 234

Obama's 2008 campaign 234

The Age of Obama, 2008-2016 235

Black community gains 236

Black Lives Matter Emerges 238

I am Trayvon 239

Ferguson explodes: Michael Brown and the impact of Eric Garner's death 242

Police killings continue: Tamir Rice and Laquan McDonald 243

Baltimore Rising: Freddie Gray 243

The Charleston Church Massacre 244

Say her name: Sandra Bland 244

Colin Kaepernick Kneels and Donald Trump Reacts 245

Trump responds 246

Kaepernick opts out of his contract 247

Change Gone Come: Trump, COVID-19, and George Floyd 247

Trump's attacks continue 248

Stacey Abrams runs for governor in Georgia 249

COVID-19 exposes racial disparities 249

"Stop killing us": George Floyd and Breonna Taylor 251

The 2020 Election 253

Voting in the era of COVID-19 253

Trump and the U.S. Capitol riot 256

Part 4: Cultural Foundations 259

Chapter 12: Somebody Say "Amen": The Black Church 261

Converting to Christianity 262

Early objections, early conversions 262

The Great Awakenings: Called to convert 263

Christianity, Black American style 264

Building and Sustaining the Black Church 266

Black churches in the North 267

The Black church in the antebellum South 268

Post-Civil War and Reconstruction 270

Worship in the early 20th century 271

The modern era: Megachurches 273

The changing role of women 274

Politics and the Church 275

Getting more political 276

Minister-politicians: Pulling double duty 276

Fighting for civil rights: Minister-activists 277

Continuing the struggle 278

Worshiping Outside the Black Christian Mainstream 279

Muslims and the Nation of Islam 279

Black Catholics 281

Jehovah's Witnesses 282

Seventh-day Adventists 283

Black demagogues 283

Chapter 13: More Than Reading and Writing: Education 285

A Brief History of Early Black American Education 286

Revolting education 286

Reconstructing: Education post-Civil War 289

20th-Century Educational Milestones 290

Mixing it up with the Brown case 290

Turning back the clock? 292

Vouchers and school choice 292

Leaving no child behind? Maybe 293

Atlanta Public Schools cheating scandal 294

Obama and Trump on education 294

Higher Learning 295

Launching higher ed for the Black masses 296

The Morrill Acts: Making it stick 298

Determining the goal of higher education 299

Desegregating higher education 303

School Daze: The Black Greek system 304

Chapter 14: Writing Down the Bones: Black Literature 307

Troubled Beginnings 308

Early poets 308

Slave narratives 310

A novel journey 311

Writers' Party: The Harlem Renaissance 314

Why Harlem? 315

Key Renaissance artists and themes 316

Post-World War II, Civil Rights-era Literature 319

Richard Wright 320

Ralph Ellison 320

James Baldwin 321

Frank Yerby 321

The Breakthrough: The Black Arts Movement 322

The beginning of the movement 322

Welcoming new voices 322

The Black Arts Movement legacy 323

Anthologies from the Black Arts Movement 323

Black Women's Words 324

Alice Walker 324

Toni Morrison 325

Black Books from the 1990s On 327

Chapter 15: The Great Black Way: Theater and Dance 331

Making an Early Statement 332

Minstrelsy: Performing in Blackface 333

White minstrels 333

Black minstrels 334

Moving toward Broadway: Black Musical Theater 335

More than minstrels 336

Williams and Walker on Broadway 336

The rumblings of serious Black theater 337

Shuffling ahead 340

Black Theater Comes of Age 342

The Federal Theater Project and Black drama 342

The American Negro Theater (ANT) 343

A place to call home 344

Black musicals, 1940s and beyond 345

Two Visionaries 346

August Wilson 346

George C. Wolfe 347

Black Theater in the 21st Century 348

Kenny Leon 348

Suzan-Lori Parks, Lynn Nottage, Tarell Alvin McCraney, and beyond 349

Black Dance in America 351

Early dances 351

Tap dance 352

Breakdancing 353

Classical dance forms 354

Part 5: A Touch of Genius: Music, Film, TV, and Sports 357

Chapter 16: Give Me a Beat: Black Music 359

African Roots 359

Black Music Fundamentals 360

Feeling the Spirit: The Spirituals 361

Ragtime 362

Singing the Blues 363

Blues basics 363

Blues genres 364

Famous blues musicians 365

Let the Good Times Roll: Jazz 367

The evolution of jazz styles 367

Jazz singers 371

Great jazz instrumentalists 372

Keeping the tradition alive 374

Spreading the Gospel 375

Kirk Franklin and the new gospel sound 377

Mainstreaming Black Music 378

R&B 378

Rocking and rolling 379

Motown 381

Giving America soul 383

Post-soul Black music 384

Getting funky and popping off 384

The hip-hop age of R&B 385

Taking the Rap 388

Hip hop matures 388

The West Coast opens up rap 389

Women take the mic 390

Trap music emerges 391

Lyrical emcees return 392

Chapter 17: Black Hollywood: Film and Comedy 393

Making Movies Black 394

Race movies: Introducing all-Black casts 395

Early Black roles in major studio films 398

1940s-1960s: Exploring new themes 401

1960s-1970s: Blaxploitation films 402

Spike Lee and a Black film renaissance 403

Hood films 404

Stepping out of the hood genre 405

The Rise of Black Directors 406

Spike Lee: Getting personal 406

1990s and early 2000s: The music video launch 407

The 2010s: Drama, horror, heroes, and more 408

2020: A stream of Black women directors 411

Black Film Stars: From Song to Celluloid 412

Singers-turned-actors 413

Rappers-turned-actors/producers 413

Kings and Queens of Comedy 415

Richard Pryor 415

Eddie Murphy 415

Male comedians who followed Pryor and Murphy 416

Whoopi Goldberg 419

Other comediennes 419

Enter Stage Left: Serious Actors 421

Sidney Poitier 421

Cicely Tyson 422

Denzel Washington 422

Morgan Freeman 423

Wesley Snipes 423

Samuel L. Jackson 424

Halle Berry 424

Viola Davis 425

And the Award Goes to? 426

Chapter 18: Black Hollywood: TV 427

Early Black TV Comedies 428

Opening the doors wider 428

Getting an edge 429

Kid comedies 429

Cue the Huxtables and A Different World 430

Targeting the Black Hip-Hop Audience 432

Cable TV Opens the Door to More 432

Black Women Comedians Contribute on TV 434

No More Drama with Dramas 435

The Rhimes effect 435

Made-for-TV movies 436

Black actors in cable TV series 437

Network dramas 440

Highlighting Black LGBTQ stories 440

Black women TV executives 442

The Next Level: Building Black Television and Film Empires 443

The billion-dollar BET 443

The big "O" 444

Tyler Perry builds his own table 445

Chapter 19: Winning Ain't Easy: Race and Sports 449

Baseball 449

The Negro Leagues 450

Jackie Robinson: Integrating baseball 454

The modern era 455

Basketball 456

College ball 457

Pro ball 458

Women's basketball 462

Boxing 464

Football 467

Pro football 467

College football 469

Track and Field 470

Tennis 474

Arthur Ashe 474

Venus and Serena Williams 475

Golf 475

Other Sports 476

Part 6: The Part of Tens 479

Chapter 20: Ten Black American Firsts 481

Medicine (1837) 481

Law (1845) 482

Kentucky Derby (1875) 482

Congressional Medal of Honor (1900) 483

Rhodes Scholar (1907) 483

Exploration (1909) 483

Television (1939) 484

Nobel Peace Prize (1950) 484

Pulitzer Prize (1950) 484

Fashion (1988) 485

Chapter 21: Ten Black Literary Classics 487

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave Written by Himself (1845) 488

Up from Slavery: An Autobiography by Booker T. Washington (1901) 488

The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. Du Bois (1903) 489

The Mis-Education of the Negro by Carter G. Woodson (1933) 489

Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston (1937) 490

Native Son by Richard Wright (1940) 490

Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison (1952) 491

The Autobiography of Malcolm X (As Told to Alex Haley)

by Alex Haley and Malcolm X (1965) 491

The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1982) 492

Beloved by Toni Morrison (1987) 492

Chapter 22: Ten (Plus One) Influential Black American Visual Artists 493

Joshua Johnson (c. 1763-1832) 494

Edmonia Lewis (c. 1844-1907) 494

Henry Ossawa Tanner (1859-1937) 495

Aaron Douglas (1899-1979) 495

Horace Pippin (1888-1946) 496

Lois Mailou Jones (1905-1998) 497

Jacob Lawrence (1917-2000) 498

Romare Bearden (1911-1988) 498

John Biggers (1924-2001) 499

Samella Lewis, Ph.D. (1924-) 499

Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-1988) 500

Index 501
Este título pertence ao(s) assunto(s) indicados(s). Para ver outros títulos clique no assunto desejado.
Black Americans; African Americans; Black History; African American History; slavery; Civil Rights; Jim Crow; separate but equal; systemic racism; redlining; Black Lives Matter; BLM; BLM movement; police brutality; Black culture; Black literature; DEI; Diversity; Equity; Inclusion