Applied Nanoindentation in Advanced Materials

List of Contributors xvii Preface xxiii Part I 1 1 Determination of Residual Stresses by Nanoindentation 3 P-L. Larsson 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Theoretical Background 5 1.3 Determination of Residual Stresses 12 References 16 2 Nanomechanical Characterization of Carbon Films 19 Ben D. Beake and Tomasz W. Liskiewicz 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Factors Influencing Reliable and Comparable Hardness and Elastic Modulus Determination 24 2.3 Deformation in Indentation Contact 30 2.4 Nano-scratch Testing 34 2.5 Impact and Fatigue Resistance of DLC Films Using Nano-impact Testing 46 2.6 Wear Resistance of Amorphous Carbon Films Using Nano-fretting Testing 54 2.7 Conclusion 58 References 59 3 Mechanical Evaluation of Nanocoatings under Extreme Environments for Application in Energy Systems 69 E.J. Rubio, G. Martinez, S.K. Gullapalli, M. Noor-A-Alam and C.V. Ramana 3.1 Introduction 69 3.2 Thermal Barrier Coatings 70 3.3 Nanoindentation Evaluation of Coatings for Nuclear Power Generation Applications 76 3.4 Conclusions and Outlook 80 Acknowledgments 81 References 81 4 Evaluation of the Nanotribological Properties of Thin Films 83 Shojiro Miyake and Mei Wang 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Evaluation Methods of Nanotribology 83 4.3 Nanotribology Evaluation Methods and Examples 84 4.4 Conclusions 108 References 108 5 Nanoindentation on Tribological Coatings 111 Francisco J.G. Silva 5.1 Introduction 111 5.2 Relevant Properties on Coatings for Tribological Applications 116 5.3 How can Nanoindentation Help Researchers to Characterize Coatings? 116 References 129 6 Nanoindentation of Macro-porous Materials for Elastic Modulus and Hardness Determination 135 Zhangwei Chen 6.1 Introduction 135 6.2 Nanoindentation of Macro-porous Bulk Ceramics 140 6.3 Nanoindentation of Bone Materials 143 6.4 Nanoindentation of Macro-porous Films 144 6.5 Concluding Remarks 151 Acknowledgements 151 References 151 7 Nanoindentation Applied to DC Plasma Nitrided Parts 157 Silvio Francisco Brunatto and Carlos Mauricio Lepienski 7.1 Introduction 157 7.2 Basic Aspects of DC Plasma Nitrided Parts 160 7.3 Basic Aspects of Nanoindentation in Nitrided Surfaces 163 7.4 Examples of Nanoindentation Applied to DC Plasma Nitrided Parts 167 7.5 Conclusion 178 Acknowledgements 179 References 179 8 Nanomechanical Properties of Defective Surfaces 183 Oscar Rodriguez de la Fuente 8.1 Introduction 183 8.2 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Dislocation Nucleation 186 8.3 Surface Steps 190 8.4 Subsurface Defects 194 8.5 Rough Surfaces 197 8.6 Conclusions 200 Acknowledgements 200 References 200 9 Viscoelastic and Tribological Behavior of Al2O3 Reinforced Toughened Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposites 205 Mandhakini Mohandas and Alagar Muthukaruppan 9.1 Introduction 205 9.2 Experimental 206 9.3 Conclusion 219 References 220 10 Nanoindentation of Hybrid Foams 223 Anne Jung, Zhaoyu Chen and Stefan Diebels 10.1 Introduction 223 10.2 Sample Material and Preparation 230 10.3 Nanoindentation Experiments 232 10.4 Conclusions and Outlook 239 Acknowledgements 240 References 240 11 AFM-based Nanoindentation of Cellulosic Fibers 247 Christian Ganser and Christian Teichert 11.1 Introduction 247 11.2 Experimental 248 11.3 Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Fibers 257 11.4 Conclusions and Outlook 265 Acknowledgments 265 References 266 12 Evaluation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Coatings for Stainless Steel 269 A. Mina, J.C. Caicedo, W. Aperador, M. Mozafari and H.H. Caicedo 12.1 Introduction 269 12.2 Experimental Details 270 12.3 Results and Discussion 271 12.4 Conclusions 283 Acknowledgements 283 References 283 13 Nanoindentation in Metallic Glasses 287 Vahid Nekouie Anish Roy and Vadim V. Silberschmidt 13.1 Introduction 287 13.2 Experimental Studies 296 13.3 Conclusions 307 References 308 Part II 313 14 Molecular Dynamics Modeling of Nanoindentation 315 C.J. Ruestes, E.M. Bringa, Y. Gao and H.M. Urbassek 14.1 Introduction 315 14.2 Methods 316 14.3 Interatomic Potentials 321 14.4 Elastic Regime 324 14.5 The Onset of Plasticity 325 14.6 The Plastic Zone: Dislocation Activity 329 14.7 Outlook 336 Acknowledgements 337 References 337 15 Continuum Modelling and Simulation of Indentation in Transparent Single Crystalline Minerals and Energetic Solids 347 J.D. Clayton, B.B. Aydelotte, R. Becker, C.D. Hilton and J. Knap 15.1 Introduction 347 15.2 Theory: Material Modelling 349 15.3 Application: Indentation of RDX Single Crystals 352 15.4 Application: Indentation of Calcite Single Crystals 356 15.5 Conclusions 364 Acknowledgements 365 References 365 16 Nanoindentation Modelling: From Finite Element to Atomistic Simulations 369 Daniel Esque- de los Ojos and Jordi Sort 16.1 Introduction 369 16.2 Scaling and Dimensional Analysis Applied to Indentation Modelling 370 16.3 Finite Element Simulations of Advanced Materials 375 16.4 Nucleation and Interaction of Dislocations During Single Crystal Nanoindentaion: Atomistic Simulations 383 References 386 17 Nanoindentation in silico of Biological Particles 393 Olga Kononova, Kenneth A. Marx and Valeri Barsegov 17.1 Introduction 393 17.2 Computational Methodology of Nanoindentation in silico 395 17.3 Biological Particles 403 17.4 Nanoindentation in silico: Probing Reversible Changes in Near-equilibrium Regime 406 17.5 Application of in silico Nanoindentation: Dynamics of Deformation of MT and CCMV 409 17.6 Concluding Remarks 421 References 424 18 Modeling and Simulations in Nanoindentation 429 Yi Sun and Fanlin Zeng 18.1 Introduction 429 18.2 Simulations of Nanoindention on Polymers 430 18.3 Simulations of Nanoindention on Crystals 441 18.4 Conclusions 455 Acknowledgments 456 References 456 19 Nanoindentation of Advanced Ceramics: Applications to ZrO2 Materials 459 Joan Josep Roa Rovira, Emilio Jimenez Pique and Marc J. Anglada Gomila 19.1 Introduction 459 19.2 Indentation Mechanics 460 19.3 Fracture Toughness 462 19.4 Coatings 463 19.5 Issues for Reproducible Results 464 19.6 Applications of Nanoindentation to Zirconia 465 19.7 Conclusions 472 Acknowledgements 472 References 473 20 FEM Simulation of Nanoindentation 481 F. Pohl, W. Theisen and S. Huth 20.1 Introduction 481 20.2 Indentation of Isotropic Materials 482 20.3 Indentation of Thin Films 489 20.4 Indentation of a Hard Phase Embedded in Matrix 490 References 495 21 Investigations Regarding Plastic Flow Behaviour and Failure Analysis on CrAlN Thin Hard Coatings 501 Jan Perne 21.1 Introduction 501 21.2 Description of the Method 501 21.3 Investigations into the CrAlN Coating System 504 21.4 Concluding Remarks 509 References 511 22 Scale Invariant Mechanical Surface Optimization 513 Norbert Schwarzer 22.1 Introduction 513 22.2 Theory 517 22.3 The Procedure 540 22.4 Discussion by Means of Examples 541 22.5 Conclusions 550 Acknowledgements 551 Referencess 551 23 Modelling and Simulations of Nanoindentation in Single Crystals 557 Qiang Liu, Murat Demiral, Anish Roy and Vadim V. Silberschmidt 23.1 Introduction 557 23.2 Review of Indentation Modelling 560 23.3 Crystal Plasticity Modelling of Nanoindentation 561 23.4 Conclusions 569 References 570 24 Computer Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Nanoindentation Technique 575 A. Karimzadeh, M.R. Ayatollahi and A. Rahimi 24.1 Introduction 575 24.2 Finite Element Simulation for Nanoindentation 576 24.3 Finite Element Modeling 576 24.4 Verification of Finite Element Simulation 579 24.5 Molecular Dynamic Modeling for Nanoindentation 587 24.6 Results of Molecular Dynamic Simulation 591 24.7 Conclusions 593 References 593 25 Atomistic Simulations of Adhesion, Indentation and Wear at Nanoscale 597 Jun Zhong, Donald J. Siegel, Louis G. Hector, Jr. and James B. Adams 25.1 Introduction 597 25.2 Methodologies 600 25.3 Density Functional Study of Adhesion at the Metal/Ceramic Interfaces 608 25.4 Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nanoindentation 612 25.5 Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Adhesive Wear on the Al-substrate 624 25.6 Summary and Prospect 632 Acknowledgments 634 References 634 26 Multiscale Model for Nanoindentation in Polymer and Polymer Nanocomposites 643 Rezwanur Rahman 26.1 Introduction 643 26.2 Modeling Scheme 644 26.3 Nanoindentation Test 646 26.4 Theoretically and Experimentally Determined Result 647 26.5 Multiscale of Complex Heterogeneous Materials 647 26.6 Multiscale Modeling for Nanoindentation in Epoxy: EPON 862 651 26.7 Unified theory for Multiscale Modeling 654 26.8 Conclusion 654 References 655 Index 659

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• Nanotecnologia
• Ciência dos materiais